FM demodulators have and always will be desired circuits. Many circuit designs use old and obsolete parts or appear to be too complicated for beginners. This design shows a very simple FM demodulator, a quadrature demodulator to be precise, for a 455 KHz IF using only a handful of parts and an NE602. The NE602 […]
Continue reading…
Search Results for: NE 602
Critical length of a PCB trace and when to treat it as a transmission line
Ideally, the impedance of PCB traces should be matched to the load and source impedances. This becomes especially important in high-frequency and high-speed digital PCB designs. Various rules of thumb are available to determine the critical length at which a PCB trace should be treated as a transmission line. Below this critical length, an impedance […]
Continue reading…
Video Distribution Amplifier | 10 MHz Reference Distribution
Three Sigma VDA-100 Video Distribution Amplifiers (DA) have been sitting on my shelf for a while. The DAs have been waiting to be repurposed for something useful. When Jackson Labs sent me a custom variant of the FireFly-IIA GPS-Locked double ovenized 10 MHZ reference oscillator, I decided to repurpose one of the VDA-100 as a […]
Continue reading…
How it works: Quadrature detector
Many integrated FM quadrature demodulation circuits, such as the MC3361 or MC3362, have a defined LC tank circuit that creates a specific phase shift of 90 degrees at the center frequency of the demodulator. Let’s take a closer in depth look at how they work. A quadrature demodulator for FM signals consists out of two […]
Continue reading…
Exclusive OR (XOR) gate based phase detector
A phase detector generates a voltage proportional to the difference in phase between two signals. They are used in Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) designs and PM / FM demodulator circuits. But how do they work? I promised in a previous blog article titled ‘No Tune NE602 / NE612 FM Demodulator’ that I would explain how a quadrature […]
Continue reading…
Sudden Storm (HF receiver in a tuna can)
The Sudden Storm receiver from QRPme is a simple direct conversion receiver. The circuit is nothing new: A NE602 mixer with crystal oscillator for downconversion and a LM386 as audio amplifier. What is new though is the enclosure. The parts for the sudden storm kit are being delivered in a tuna can. But the tuna […]
Continue reading…