A phase detector generates a voltage proportional to the difference in phase between two signals. They are used in Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) designs and PM / FM demodulator circuits. But how do they work? I promised in a previous blog article titled ‘No Tune NE602 / NE612 FM Demodulator’ that I would explain how a quadrature […]
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Review: Abracon ABFT Frequency Translators
In March, 2012, Abracon announced the production of ultra-low jitter, VCXO based frequency translators / jitter attenuators. This is supposed to resolve some problems that accompany classic PLL-based designs at an affordable price. Now, the ABFT frequency translators / jitter attenuators are available on the market and it’s time to have a closer look. The […]
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How it works: Quadrature detector
Many integrated FM quadrature demodulation circuits, such as the MC3361 or MC3362, have a defined LC tank circuit that creates a specific phase shift of 90 degrees at the center frequency of the demodulator. Let’s take a closer in depth look at how they work. A quadrature demodulator for FM signals consists out of two […]
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No Tune NE602 / NE612 FM Demodulator
FM demodulators have and always will be desired circuits. Many circuit designs use old and obsolete parts or appear to be too complicated for beginners. This design shows a very simple FM demodulator, a quadrature demodulator to be precise, for a 455 KHz IF using only a handful of parts and an NE602. The NE602 […]
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Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG)
The core of any spread spectrum (and other cryptographic) system is a pseudo random number generator (PRNG). Pseudo random numbers play a big role in the world of electronics and cryptology. The quality of a spread spectrum link and its properties strongly depend on this device. For my Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Experiments I needed […]
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Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Experiments
In our digital communication age heavy cryptology becomes more and more necessary everyday to protect our data from eavesdroppers. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is one way of covertly transporting data over radio waves. Without the knowledge of the correct code sequence it is nearly impossible for an attacker to decrypt the original message. 47 CFR […]
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